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	<id>https://elektronikforumet.com/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Dielektrisk_sensor</id>
	<title>Dielektrisk sensor - Versionshistorik</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-07T12:13:37Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Versionshistorik för denna sida på wikin</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://elektronikforumet.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dielektrisk_sensor&amp;diff=3507&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Blueint: bearbetat</title>
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		<updated>2011-02-21T14:19:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;bearbetat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;sv&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Äldre version&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versionen från 21 februari 2011 kl. 14.19&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Rad 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Rad 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Kan &lt;/del&gt;användas för att mäta om det är snö, is, vatten eller luft på marken &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;t.ex&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''Dielektrisk sensor'' kan &lt;/ins&gt;användas för att mäta &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;t.ex &lt;/ins&gt;om det är snö, is, vatten eller luft på marken. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;http://elektronikforumet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=47992 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://elektronikforumet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=47992&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- Mäta bränsle kan vara ett annan tillämpning: http://elektronikforumet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=49127 --&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!-- Mäta bränsle kan vara ett annan tillämpning: http://elektronikforumet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=49127 --&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mät temperaturen i röret och utomhus samt &lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;url=&lt;/del&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/del&gt;permittiviteten&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[/url&lt;/del&gt;] hos det &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;som finns i stuprännan?&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mäter man &lt;/ins&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity permittiviteten] hos &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ett material samt temperaturen kan man fastställa om &lt;/ins&gt;det &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;är is, snö, vatten, luft.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Om &lt;/del&gt;temperatur &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i rör eller ute = &lt;/del&gt;5 °C .&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. -5 °C eller innehållet i röret skiljer sig från luft och vatten, då slå på värmen i minst 20 minuter&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hänsyn bör tas till att en &lt;/ins&gt;temperatur &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gradient på minst &lt;/ins&gt;5 °C &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;kan uppstå innan värme börjar överföras mellan massor&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Samt dödtiden för värmeelementet (hur lång tid det tar innan något händer alls)&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hänsyn bör tas till att &lt;/del&gt;en &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;temperatur gradient på minst 5 °C kan uppstå innan värme börjar flytta på sig. Samt dödtiden för värmeelementet.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Här är &lt;/ins&gt;en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;metod &lt;/ins&gt;för att beräkna relativ permittivitet hos vatten och is beroende av frekvens:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Metod &lt;/del&gt;för att beräkna relativ permittivitet hos vatten och is beroende av frekvens:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/joe/Jiang_Wu_ASL_2004.pdf&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/joe/Jiang_Wu_ASL_2004.pdf&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Luft, Vatten, Is detektor:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sensor av &lt;/ins&gt;Luft, Vatten, Is detektor &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;på en flygplats&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://www.neuronica.polito.it/pdf/AWIS/PRIME10_Innovative.pdf&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://www.neuronica.polito.it/pdf/AWIS/PRIME10_Innovative.pdf&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[i]&lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;When measuring the capacitance, it is not possible to distinguish reliably between water and ice at low frequencies (lower than 1kHz), but only air can be identified; on the other&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;When measuring the capacitance, it is not possible to distinguish reliably between water and ice at low frequencies (lower than 1kHz), but only air can be identified; on the other&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;hand, ice and air cannot be distinguished at high frequencies (between 100kHz and 1GHz), but it is possible to identify the presence of water. Thus, it is possible to distinguish between water, ice and air by two capacitive measurements, at low and&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;hand, ice and air cannot be distinguished at high frequencies (between 100kHz and 1GHz), but it is possible to identify the presence of water. Thus, it is possible to distinguish between water, ice and air by two capacitive measurements, at low and&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;high frequencies [15].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;high frequencies [15].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The currently available ice sensor is shown in Fig. 2A. This device performs measurements at two different frequencies, at 200Hz and 20MHz. The sensor system consists on a pair of concentric conductive electrodes&amp;quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[/i]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The currently available ice sensor is shown in Fig. 2A. This device performs measurements at two different frequencies, at 200Hz and 20MHz. The sensor system consists on a pair of concentric conductive electrodes&amp;quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''&amp;quot;During the icy state, the values of capacitance at high frequency are close to 0.15 pF while at low frequency are close to 0.3 pF&amp;quot;''&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[i]&amp;quot;During the icy state&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the values of capacitance at high frequency are close to 0.&lt;/del&gt;15 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pF while at low frequency are close to &lt;/del&gt;0&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;3 pF&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;[/i]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Genom att mäta kapacitansen med frekvenserna 200 Hz och 20 MHz som ger en kapacitans mellan 0&lt;/ins&gt;,15 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/ins&gt;0&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/ins&gt;3 pF &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;kan materialets tillstånd fastställas.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vet man temperatur &lt;/del&gt;och &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;om det är luft&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;vatten eller is lär det vara enkelt att reglera värmeelementet.&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Luft ger cirka 0 pF. Vatten ger 3 pF vid låg &lt;/ins&gt;och &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hög frekvens. Is ger 0&lt;/ins&gt;,&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3 pF vid låg frekvens och 0,15 pF vid hög frekvens&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Blueint</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://elektronikforumet.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dielektrisk_sensor&amp;diff=3506&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Blueint: inklippt utan redigering</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://elektronikforumet.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dielektrisk_sensor&amp;diff=3506&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2011-02-21T14:02:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;inklippt utan redigering&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ny sida&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kan användas för att mäta om det är snö, is, vatten eller luft på marken t.ex.&lt;br /&gt;
http://elektronikforumet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=47992&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Mäta bränsle kan vara ett annan tillämpning: http://elektronikforumet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=49127 --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mät temperaturen i röret och utomhus samt [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity]permittiviteten[/url] hos det som finns i stuprännan?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Om temperatur i rör eller ute = 5 °C .. -5 °C eller innehållet i röret skiljer sig från luft och vatten, då slå på värmen i minst 20 minuter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hänsyn bör tas till att en temperatur gradient på minst 5 °C kan uppstå innan värme börjar flytta på sig. Samt dödtiden för värmeelementet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Metod för att beräkna relativ permittivitet hos vatten och is beroende av frekvens:&lt;br /&gt;
http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/joe/Jiang_Wu_ASL_2004.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Luft, Vatten, Is detektor:&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.neuronica.polito.it/pdf/AWIS/PRIME10_Innovative.pdf&lt;br /&gt;
[i]&amp;quot;When measuring the capacitance, it is not possible to distinguish reliably between water and ice at low frequencies (lower than 1kHz), but only air can be identified; on the other&lt;br /&gt;
hand, ice and air cannot be distinguished at high frequencies (between 100kHz and 1GHz), but it is possible to identify the presence of water. Thus, it is possible to distinguish between water, ice and air by two capacitive measurements, at low and&lt;br /&gt;
high frequencies [15].&lt;br /&gt;
The currently available ice sensor is shown in Fig. 2A. This device performs measurements at two different frequencies, at 200Hz and 20MHz. The sensor system consists on a pair of concentric conductive electrodes&amp;quot;[/i]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[i]&amp;quot;During the icy state, the values of capacitance at high frequency are close to 0.15 pF while at low frequency are close to 0.3 pF&amp;quot;[/i]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vet man temperatur och om det är luft, vatten eller is lär det vara enkelt att reglera värmeelementet.. :)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Blueint</name></author>
	</entry>
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